Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are becoming more common worldwide. NASH can lead to serious health complications, including liver scarring, liver failure, and even liver cancer.1
NAFLD and NASH can affect people of all ages, races, ethnicities, and backgrounds. However, they tend to affect certain populations more than others.
NAFLD and NASH by sex
In general, men are more likely to develop NAFLD and NASH than women. Lifestyle factors, hormones, and how fat is distributed in men’s bodies contribute to this higher risk. Men tend to gather more fat around their organs (visceral fat, also known as abdominal adiposity) than women. This is more harmful to liver health.2,3
Women of childbearing age have a lower risk of NAFLD and NASH. This is due to the protective effects of the hormone estrogen. But this changes with menopause. After menopause, women face a risk similar to that of men. Hormonal changes, weight gain, and increased insulin resistance during menopause are thought to add to this risk.2,3
NAFLD and NASH across racial groups
NAFLD and NASH do not affect all racial groups equally in the United States. Research shows that some racial groups are more likely to develop these liver diseases than others:3,4
- Hispanic Americans/Latinos – This group has the highest rates of NAFLD and NASH. Genetic factors and higher rates of obesity and diabetes contribute to this increased risk.
- Asian Americans – This group may develop NAFLD and NASH at lower body weights compared to other groups. Even those who are not visibly overweight might still be at risk. This points toward a possible genetic cause.
- Non-Hispanic whites – This group has a moderate risk of developing NAFLD and NASH. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise play major roles in this group.
- African Americans/Black Americans – Despite higher rates of obesity and diabetes, Black Americans tend to have lower rates of NAFLD and NASH than Hispanic and non-Hispanic white people. Genetic differences might offer some protection against these liver conditions.
NAFLD and NASH in children
NAFLD and NASH are often considered adult diseases. But these conditions are also affecting children at an alarming rate.5,6
With the rise in childhood obesity, more children are being diagnosed with these liver conditions. Children with certain health issues are at an increased risk of liver problems. These issues include obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.5-7
The main culprits behind NAFLD and NASH in children are poor diet and lack of physical activity. Consuming sugary drinks, fast food, and ultra-processed snacks puts children at higher risk. And this risk is even higher when poor diet is combined with a sedentary lifestyle.5-7
Early diagnosis is crucial. Encouraging healthy eating habits and regular exercise can help prevent or manage NAFLD and NASH in children.5,6
Know your risk
Raising awareness and promoting healthy lifestyle choices are vital in the fight against NAFLD and NASH. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve outcomes. Everyone needs to understand their risk and take proactive steps toward improving their liver health.1